Why Measure Protein in Urine?

Testing for protein in urine provides insight into kidney health and can reveal systemic conditions affecting the body. Here’s why this biomarker is important:

1. Normal Protein Levels in Urine:
1. In a healthy person, protein levels in urine are minimal, usually less than 150 mg per day, as the kidneys efficiently filter proteins and retain them in the bloodstream.
2. Low or Mild Protein in Urine (Trace Proteinuria):
1. Small amounts of protein may occasionally appear in the urine and are usually not a cause for concern. Common triggers for trace protein levels include:
1. Temporary dehydration.
2. Strenuous physical activity.
3. Stress or fever.
4. Certain medications.
2. This is often referred to as functional proteinuria and resolves on its own when the trigger is addressed.
3. Elevated Protein Levels in Urine (Proteinuria):
1. Kidney Disease: Damage to the kidney’s filtering units (glomeruli) can result in protein leakage. This is often seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy, or glomerulonephritis.
2. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Chronic hypertension can damage kidney filters, leading to protein loss in the urine.
3. Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage kidney blood vessels, causing proteinuria—often one of the earliest signs of diabetic kidney disease.
4. Infections or Inflammation: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) or systemic inflammation can temporarily elevate protein levels.
5. Heart Disease: Proteinuria is sometimes linked to cardiovascular issues, as kidney health and heart health are closely connected.