Microalbumin refers to a small amount of the protein albumin that is present in urine. Albumin is a key protein in the blood that helps maintain fluid balance and transport substances like hormones and nutrients. Normally, the kidneys filter blood efficiently, keeping albumin and other proteins in the bloodstream. However, when the kidneys are damaged, small amounts of albumin can "leak" into the urine, a condition called microalbuminuria.
Measuring microalbumin in urine is a crucial test for detecting early kidney damage, especially in people with conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, where kidney health is at risk.