Why Measure Microalbumin in Urine

Microalbumin in urine is an early and sensitive indicator of kidney damage, particularly in individuals with diabetes, hypertension, or cardiovascular risk factors. Elevated levels of microalbumin often signal the need for lifestyle changes

Testing for microalbumin in urine helps identify early signs of kidney dysfunction, often before other symptoms appear. Here’s why this biomarker is important:

1. Normal Levels of Microalbumin
1. In a healthy individual, the kidneys prevent albumin from entering the urine. The normal amount of albumin in urine is less than 30 mg/l.
2. Microalbuminuria is defined as albumin levels between 30–150+ mg/l.
3. Levels above 150 mg/l are considered macroalbuminuria, indicating more advanced kidney damage.
2. Elevated Microalbumin in Urine
1. Early Kidney Disease: Microalbuminuria is often the first detectable sign of kidney damage, particularly in conditions like diabetes or hypertension.
2. Diabetes-Related Kidney Damage (Diabetic Nephropathy): High blood sugar levels can damage the small blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to microalbumin leakage.
3. Hypertension-Related Kidney Damage: Chronic high blood pressure puts stress on the kidneys, impairing their filtering ability.
4. Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Elevated microalbumin levels are linked to an increased risk of heart disease, as kidney and cardiovascular health are closely connected.
3. Temporary or Reversible Causes of Microalbuminuria:
1. Microalbumin levels can temporarily rise due to
1. Dehydration
2. Intense physical activity
3. Fever or infections
4. Stress or acute illness
2. In these cases, microalbumin levels typically return to normal once the trigger is resolved.